English–German legal translation involves decisions. We make them visible.

Paste an English clause or contract. Cengolio shows where the German translation makes decisions your English original never made, and explains each one.

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joint and several liability gesamtschuldnerische Haftung Gesamtschuldnerische Haftung, one German institution for the English doublet, each debtor liable for the whole and the creditor chooses, § 421 BGB. Translating joint and several piecewise, gemeinsam und einzeln, produces a formula no German statute knows. time is of the essence Fixgeschäft Fixgeschäft is the German frame the clause is reaching for, timely performance made essential with an immediate exit attached, § 323 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 BGB, § 376 HGB between merchants. The word-for-word rendering, die Zeit ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung, is a proverb, not a clause. specific performance Erfüllung Erfüllung, and note the inversion, what English law grants as an exceptional, discretionary remedy is the German default. § 241 Abs. 1 BGB makes performance the primary claim, so German has no marked word for it, routine rights do not get special names.

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